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Jerome David Salinger (; German (:'zaːlɪŋɐ); January 1, 1919 January 27, 2010) was an American writer who won acclaim early in life. He led a very private life for more than a half-century. He published his final original work in 1965 and gave his last interview in 1980. Salinger was raised in Manhattan and began writing short stories while in secondary school. Several were published in ''Story'' magazine〔"J. D. Salinger". EXPLORING Novels. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Web. November 9, 2010.〕 in the early 1940s before he began serving in World War II. In 1948, his critically acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" appeared in ''The New Yorker'' magazine, which became home to much of his later work. In 1951, his novel ''The Catcher in the Rye'' was an immediate popular success. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. The novel remains widely read and controversial, selling around 250,000 copies a year. The success of ''The Catcher in the Rye'' led to public attention and scrutiny. Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. He followed ''Catcher'' with a short story collection, ''Nine Stories'' (1953); a volume containing a novella and a short story, ''Franny and Zooey'' (1961); and a volume containing two novellas, ''Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction'' (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924", appeared in ''The New Yorker'' on June 19, 1965. Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity the release was indefinitely delayed. He made headlines around the globe in June 2009 when he filed a lawsuit against another writer for copyright infringement resulting from that writer's use of one of the characters from ''The Catcher in the Rye''.〔Gross D. "(Lawsuit targets 'rip-off' of 'Catcher in the Rye' )". ''CNN''. Retrieved June 6, 2009.〕 Salinger died of natural causes on January 27, 2010, at his home in Cornish, New Hampshire. In November 2013, three unpublished stories by Salinger were briefly posted online. One of the stories, called "The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls", is said to be a prequel to ''The Catcher in the Rye''. ==Early life and experiences== Jerome David Salinger was born in New York City, on New Year's Day, 1919. His father, Sol Salinger, sold kosher cheese, and was from a Jewish family of Lithuanian descent,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Genealogy of Richard L. Aronoff )〕 his father having been the rabbi for the Adath Jeshurun congregation in Louisville, Kentucky.〔Fiene, Donald. "EBSCOhost: J. D. Salinger". EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Web. November 24, 2010. (ebscohost.com )〕 Salinger's mother, Marie (née Jillich), was born in Atlantic, Iowa, of Scottish, German, and Irish descent,〔() 〕〔"J. D. Salinger". LitFinder Contemporary Collection. Gale, 2007. Web. November 9, 2010.〕 but changed her name to Miriam and considered herself Jewish after marrying Salinger's father. Salinger did not learn that his mother was not of Jewish ancestry until just after he celebrated becoming a bar mitzvah. His only sibling was his older sister Doris (1911–2001). In youth, Salinger attended public schools on the West Side of Manhattan. Then in 1932, the family moved to Park Avenue, and Salinger was enrolled at the McBurney School, a nearby private school.〔 At McBurney, he managed the fencing team, wrote for the school newspaper and appeared in plays.〔 He "showed an innate talent for drama", though his father opposed the idea of J.D.'s becoming an actor. Salinger had trouble fitting in at his new school and took measures to conform, such as calling himself Jerry.〔 (His family called him Sonny.〔Hathcock, Barrett. "J.D. Salinger". EBSCO. Web. November 8, 2010.〕) His parents then enrolled him at Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania.〔 Salinger began writing stories "under the covers (night ), with the aid of a flashlight". Salinger was the literary editor of the class yearbook, ''Cross Sabres''. He also participated in the Glee Club, Aviation Club, French Club, and the Non-Commissioned Officers Club.〔 〕 Salinger's Valley Forge 201 file reveals that he was a "mediocre" student, and unlike the overachievement enjoyed by members of the Glass family he would go on to write about, his recorded IQ was far from that of a genius. He graduated in 1936. Salinger started his freshman year at New York University in 1936. He considered studying special education〔(Fiene, Donald M. ) "A Bibliographical Study of J. D. Salinger: Life, Work, and Reputation", M.A. Thesis, University of Louisville, 1962.〕 but dropped out the following spring. That fall, his father urged him to learn about the meat-importing business, and he went to work at a company in Vienna, Austria. He left Austria one month before it was annexed by Nazi Germany on March 12, 1938. In the fall of 1938, Salinger attended Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, and wrote a column called "skipped diploma", which included movie reviews. He dropped out after one semester.〔〔 In 1939, Salinger attended a Columbia University School of General Studies evening writing class taught by Whit Burnett, longtime editor of ''Story'' magazine. According to Burnett, Salinger did not distinguish himself until a few weeks before the end of the second semester, at which point "he suddenly came to life" and completed three stories.〔. Burnett's quotes were included in ''Fiction Writer's Handbook'', edited by Whit and Hallie Burnett and published in 1975.〕 Burnett told Salinger that his stories were skillful and accomplished, accepting "The Young Folks", a vignette about several aimless youths, for publication in ''Story''.〔 Salinger's debut short story was published in the magazine's March–April 1940 issue. Burnett became Salinger's mentor, and they corresponded for several years.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. D. Salinger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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